(Pashtun people) arriving in Punjab
are accounted for by Sir Densil Ibbetson in the following manner
During the Lodi and Suri dynasties many Pathans migrated to Punjab
especially during the reign of Bahlol Lodhi and Sher Shah Suri. These naturally
belonged to the Ghilzai section from which those kings sprung
— Sir Densil Ibbetson
The tribes most commonly to be found in the Punjab region are the Niazai,
Miana, Bangash, Yusufzai, Hassan Zai, Mandanr, Lodhi, Kakar, Sherwani, Orakzai,
Tareen, Sulemankhel sulemani, Kakazai, Karlanri, barakzai, Khizerzai and the
Zamand Pathans. Of these the most widely distributed are the Yusufzai, of whom
a body of 12,000 accompanied the Mughal Emperor Babur in the final invasion of
India, and settled in the plains of India and the Punjab. But as a rule the
Pathans who have settled away from the frontier have lost all memory of their
tribal divisions, and indeed almost all their national characteristics.
Niazi Pathans are mostly setteld in Mianwali District.the
Famous among Them are Imran Khan Niazi.Atau-ullah Esa Khelwi General
Niazi.Misbah Ul Haq and Naheed Niazi
Khizar Khel is
a clan of Pashtun tribe Niazi from Khaglan Wala, Isakhel.They
also live in Khanewal,Sukkur,Karachi,Faisalabad,Bahawalpur and many more
cities.
Kakars, Tareens,Miana, Mandokhel tribes of Pashtuns from
Balochistan have settled in this region.(According to H.A Rose "descended
from miana, brother of tareen, and the cousin of luni)
The most important and oldest Pashtun settlement in the
district was that of the Lodhi tribe. Kot Bure Khan,
north of the city of Jalandhar, was said to be the original settlement of the
tribe. According to the Ain-i-Akbari, the Jallandhar Mahal was occupied by the
Lodhi who paid a revenue of 14 lakh of dams. The Lodhis of the town of Dhogri,
six miles north east of Jalandhar, were among the oldest landowners in the
district. Their ancestor Tatar Khan, accompanied, Sultan Mahmud of
Ghazna to India, and settled in the region. Lodhis are now
found in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan
These include descendants of Khwaja Khan and Mehdi Khan.
There were also Musakhel tribes in Hoshiarpur.The Niazi tribe
peoples also found in Hoshiarpur .Many
peoples of Niazi tribe
migrated to Pakistan at
the time of Partition.Which are now settled in Multan, Lodhran, Khanewal .A
famous Punjabi poet Munir Niazi and
the former Chief of Naval
Staff (Pakistan)Karamat Rahman
Niazi also was belongs to Hoshiarpur based Niazi clans.
When
the Zamand section was broken up, the Khweshgi (or also pronounced Kheshki)
clan migrated to the Ghorband defile, and a large number marched tence with
the Mughal Emperor Babar and
found great favour at his hands and those of his son Humayun, One section of them settled at Kasur,
and are known as "Qasuria or Kasuri Pathans"[2]
The
Qasuria or kasuri Pathans increased in numbers and importance until the chiefs
thought themselves strong enough to refuse to pay tribute to the Mughals. After
some severe fighting the Qasuria Pathans were compelled to give in, they never
lost heart however and maintained their independence until 1807, when they were
finally subdued by the Sikhs. After the confiscation of Kasur by Ranjit Singh, the Pathans were ordered to
remain on the left bank of the Sutlej where their
leader was assigned the Jagir of Mamdot,
in Firozpur District.
The Mamdot family emigrated to Pakistan, after the independence in 1947. One portion of
Kasuri Pathan most called Amchozi settled in Bahawalnagar district at Nadir
Shah village near to Bahawalnagar city. Bahawalnagar one Bazar name is Nadir
Shah Bazar. These Pathan are landlord as well as in government services. Akbar
Khan Amchozi is a graduate civil engineer and working as director engineer in
Punjab province.
Malerkotla Pathans
In
the Indian Punjabi city of Malerkotla, sixty-five
percent of the total population is Muslim and out of this population, twenty
percent are Punjabi Pathans.[7]
These
Pathans trace their ancestry to Shaikh Sadruddin, a pious man of the Shirani tribe of
the Darband area of what is now the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan.[7] Behlol Lodhi (1451–1517),
the Afghan king who had most of the western parts of India under his control,
desired to rule Delhi and on his way, he was caught in a
sand drift.[7] While there was nothing
visible in the darkness, the King spotted a dim light of a lamp still burning
in the wind. It was the hut of Shaikh Sadruddin and when the king found out, he
came to the hut to show his respect and asked the holy man to pray for him to
bear a son and have victory.[7] During 1451 and 1452, the
king married off his daughter Taj Murassa to Shaikh Sadruddin after being
enthroned in Delhi, and also gave him the area of Malerkotla.[7] The descendents of Shaikh
Sadruddin branched into two groups. One started ruling the state and were given
the title of Nawab.[7] The other branch lived
around the Shrine of Shaikh Sadruddin, controlling its revenue.[7]
One
notable thing about the Punjabi Pathans of Malerkotla is the fact the women strictly
observe pardah, albeit they are no longer required to
wear the burqa.[7] In regards to language,
Pashto was their primary language until 1903. Afterwards, the Malerkotla
Pathans began to speak Punjabi and Hindustani.[7] In the city, there are
twenty nine shrines to saints from Afghanistan, whom the Malerkotla Pathans
revere.[7] Although the level of
education is low among the community, many of these Pathans serve in the civil
service, particularly in the Indian Police Service.[7] Others maintain businesses,
rent property, and rear horses.[7] Because the level of
religiosity amongst Malerkotla Pathans is high, many families sent their
children to madrasahs where Qur'anic education is
compulsory. For higher education, many children study in schools in Patiala or Ludhiana.[7]
Multani Pathans
The
descendants of Zamand very early migrated in large numbers to Multan,
to which province they furnished rulers, till the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, when a number of the Abdali tribe under the leadership of Shah Husain were
driven from Kandahar by tribal feuds, took refuge in Multan, and being early
supplemented by other of their kinsmen who were expelled by Mir Wais, the
great Ghilzai chief, conquered Multan and
founded the tribe well known in the Punjab as Multani Pathans.
Zahid
Khan Abdali was appointed Governor of Multan with the title of Nawab, at the
time of Nadir Shah's invasion. Multan was Governed by different members of this
family, until in 1818 the city was captured by the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh, after a heroic defence in which
the Nawab and five of his sons were slain.
Their
main clans were the Alizai, Badozai, Bamzai and Saddozai, all clans of
the Durrani tribe. Other tribal communities
include the Babar, Khakwani, Tareen .[8] In Muzaffargarh District,
the Pathans of the district are related to the Multani Pathans. They settled
in Muzaffargarh in the 18th century, as
small groups of Multani Pathan expended their control from the city of Multan.
There distribution is as follows; the Alizai Durrani are found at Lalpur, and
the Popalzaiare found in Docharkha, while the
Babars are based in Khangarh and Tareen in
Kuhawar are other important tribes.[9]
Language
Majority
of the Pashtuns settled in the Punjab region do not speak Pashto as
their first language instead they speak Urdu or Punjabi; the Sagri Khattaks of Attock District and the Chhachh area, speak Pashto language and practice Pashtun
culture known as Pashtunwali. Sections
of Niazi i.e. Sultan khel also speak pashto.
Niazi tribes have retained tribal system and the Pashtun culture as compared to other
Punjabi Pathans.
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